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Bail, Stefanie
- Antimicrobial Testinqs, Gas Chromatoqraphic Analysis and Olfactorv Evaluation of an Essential Oil of Hop Cones (Humulus lupulus L.) from Bavaria and some of its main Compounds
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Authors
Leopold Jirovetz
1,
Stefanie Bail
1,
Gerhard Buchbauer
1,
Zapriana Denkova
2,
Alexander Slavchev
2,
Albena Stoyanova
3,
Erich Schmidt
4,
Margit Geissler
5
Affiliations
1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, AT
2 University of Food Technology, Department of Microbiology, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, BG
3 University of Food Technology, Department of Essential Oils, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, BG
4 Kurt Kitzing GmbH, Hinterm Alten Schloss 21, D-86757 Wallerstein, DE
5 Department of GC and GC/MS, Albert-Hahn-Strasse 6-10, D-47269 Duisburg, DE
1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, AT
2 University of Food Technology, Department of Microbiology, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, BG
3 University of Food Technology, Department of Essential Oils, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, BG
4 Kurt Kitzing GmbH, Hinterm Alten Schloss 21, D-86757 Wallerstein, DE
5 Department of GC and GC/MS, Albert-Hahn-Strasse 6-10, D-47269 Duisburg, DE
Source
Scientia Pharmaceutica, Vol 74, No 4 (2006), Pagination: 189-201Abstract
The essential oil of hop cones (Humulus lupulu L.) was analyzed by GC and GC-MS to assess the composition of volatiles and to evaluate olfactorially the principle aroma compounds. Myrcene (45.3%), α-humulene (31.2%) and β-caryophyllene (9.8%) were found to be the main constituents of this H. lupulus sample. The essential hop oil, the 3 main compounds and three minor concentrated constituents, isobutyl isobutyrate, geraniol and β-pinene, were tested for their antimicrobial activities against some different strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as the yeast Candida albicans by using agar diffusion and agar dilution method, respectively. The same was done using the phenolic aroma compound eugenol and the synthetic antibiotics ciproxinR, LidaprimR and tetracycline hydrochloride as reference-substance. It was found that the essential H. lupulus oil showed antimicrobial activities against the Gram-positive-bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, the Gram-negative-bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. as well as the yeast Candida albicans. This result was correlated to the antimicrobial testing of the mentioned main and minor constituents of the essential hop oil as well as of the 4 reference-compounds. The obtained data were discussed to get more insight into the influence of pure aroma compounds on the antimicrobial activities of essential oils.Keywords
Humulus lupulus L., Cones, Essential Oil, Composition, Antimicrobial Testing, Olfactory Evaluation, GC, GC-MS.
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